REFERENCES ON LAGRANGIAN PARTICLE AND TRAJECTORY MODELING
by Marek Uliasz

• D. Anfossi, E. Ferrero, G. Brusasca, A. Marzorati, and G. Tinarelli. A simple way of computing buoyant plume rise in Lagrangian stocjastic dispersion models. Atmos. Environ., 27A:1443-1451, 1993.

• D. Anfossi, E. Ferrero, G. Tinarelli, and S. Alessandrini. A simplified version of the correct boundary conditions for skewed turbulence in Lagrangian particle models. Atmos. Environ., 31:301-308, 1997.

• R. W. Arritt. A numerical modeling technique for estimating sulfur dioxide dry deposition due to local source emissions. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 41:1341-1347, 1991.

• R. Artz, R. A. Pielke, and J. Galloway. Comparison of the ARL/ATAD constant level and the NCAR isentropic trajectory analyses for selected case studies. Atmos. Environ., 19:47-63, 1985.

• J. H. Bærentsen and R. Berkowicz. Monte-Carlo simulation of plume dispersion in the convective boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 18:701-712, 1984.

• B. A. Boughton, J. M. Delaurentis, and W. E Dunn. A stochastic model of particle dispersion in the atmosphere. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 40:147-163, 1987.

• B. A. Boughton, J. M. Delaurentis, and W. E Dunn. A note on `A stochastic model of turbulent dispersion in the atmosphere'. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 48:443-444, 1989.

• G. Brusasca, G. Tinarelli, and D. Anfossi. Comparison between the results of a Monte Carlo atmospheric diffusion model and tracer experiments. Atmos. Environ., 23:1263-1280, 1989.

• G. Brusasca, G. Tinarelli, D. Anfossi, E. Ferrero, F. Tampieri, and F. Trombetti. Development of a Lagrangian stochastic model for dispersion in complex terrain. In 19th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application, pages 447-454, Ierapetra, Crete, Greece, 29 September - 4 October 1991. NATO/CCMS.

• G. Brusasca, G. Tinarelli, and D. Anfossi. Particle model simulation of diffusion in low wind speed stable conditions. Atmos. Environ., 26A:707-723, 1992.

• D. P. Chock and S. L. Winkler. A particle grid air quality modeling approachs: 1. The dispersion aspect. J. Geophys. Res., 99:1019-1031, 1994.

• D. P. Chock and S. L. Winkler. A particle grid air qulity modeling approachs: 2. Coupling with chemistry. J. Geophys. Res., 99:1033-1041, 1994.

• D. P. Chock, P. Sun, and S. Winkler. Trajectory-grid: an accurate sign-preserving advection-diffusion approach for air quality modeling. Atmos. Environ., 30:857-868, 1996.

• J. L. Cogan. Monte Carlo simulation of buoyant dispersion. Atmos. Environ., 19:867-878, 1985.

• G. T. Csanady. Turbulent diffusion of heavy particles in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 20:201-208, 1963.

• P. A. Davis. Markov chain simulations of vertical dispersion from elevated source into the neutral planetary boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 26:355-376, 1983.

• A. F. De Baas, H. van Dop, and F. T. M. Nieuwstadt. An application of the Langevin equation for inhomogeneous conditions to dispersion in a convective boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 12:165-180, 1986.

• S. R. Diehl, D. T. Smith, and M. Sydor. Random-walk simulation of gradient-transfer processes applied to dispersion of stack emission from coal fired power plants. J. Appl. Meteor., 21:69-83, 1982.

• S. R. Dorling and T. D. Davies. Extending cluster analysis - Synoptic meteorology links to characterize chemical climates at six northwest european monitoring stations. Atmos. Environ., 29:145-167, 1995.

• R. R. Draxler. Sensitivity of a trajectory model to the spatial and temporal resolution of the meteorological data during CAPTEX. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26:1577-1588, 1987.

• R. R. Draxler. The accuracy of trajectories during ANATEX calculated using dynamic model analyses verses rawinsonde observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 30:1446-1467, 1991.

• S. Du, J. D. Wilson, and E. Yee. Probability density functions for velocity in the convective boundary layer, and implied trajectory models. Atmos. Environ., 28:1211-1217, 1984.

• S. Du, J. D. Wilson, and E. Yee. On the moments approximation method for constructing a Lagrangian stochastic model. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 40:273-292, 1994.

• J. L. Eastman, R. A. Pielke, and W. A. Lyons. Comparison of lake breeze model simulations with tracer data. J. Appl. Meteor., 34:1398-1418, 1995.

• W. G. Jr. Ellis and J. T. Merrill. Trajectories for Saharan dust transported to Barbados using Stoke's law to describe gravitational settling. J. Appl. Meteor., 34:1716-1726, 1995.

• D. Ettling, J. Preuss, and M. Wamser. Application of a random walk model to turbulent diffusion in complex terrain. Atmos. Environ., 20:741-747, 1986.

• J. D. Fast and C. M. Berkowitz. A modeling study of boundary layer processes associated with ozone layers observed during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 101:28683-28699, 1996.

• J. D. Fast and C. M. Berkowitz. Evaluation of back trajectories associated with ozone transport during the 1993 North Atlnatic Regiona Experiment. Atmos. Environ., 31:825-837, 1997.

• J. D. Fast, B. L. O'Steen, and R. P. Addis. Advanced atmospheric modeling for emergency response. J. Appl. Meteor., 34:626-649,, 1995.

• B. Fay, I. Glaab H., Jacobsen, and Schrodin R. Evaluation of Eulerian and Lagrangian atmospheric transport models at the Deutcher Wetterdienst using ANATEX surface tracer data. Atmos. Environ., 29:2485-2497, 1995.

• T. K. Flesch, J. D. Wilson, and E. Yee. Backward-time Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models and their application to estimate gaseous emissions. J. Appl. Meteor., 34:1320-1332, 1995.

• T. Flesch. The footprint for flux measurements, from backward Lagrangian stochastic models. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 78:399-404, 1996.

• D. J. Gaffen, C. Benocci, and D. Olivari. Numerical modeling of buoyancy dominated dispersal using a Lagrangian approach. Atmos. Environ., 21:1285-1293, 1987.

• A. F. Ghoniem and F. S Sherman. Grid-free simulation of diffusion using random walk methods. J. Comput. Phys., 61:1-37, 1985.

• K. B. Gislason and L. P. Prahm. Sensitivity study of air trajectory long-range transport modelling. Atmos. Environ., 12:2463-2472, 1983.

• P. A. Grossmann. Kernel density estimation applied to a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. Report 10/89, Chisholm Institute of Technology, Australia, 1989.

• S. E. Gryning and M. Uliasz. Wind and atmospheric dispersion in a coastal area: the land-water-land case. In M. Luria, Y. Steinberger, and E. Spanier, editors, 4th Int. Conf. Environmental Quality and Ecosystem Stability, Jerusalem, Israel, June 4-8 1989.

• P. L. Haagenson, Y. H. Kuo, M. Skumanich, and N. L. Seaman. Tracer verification of trajectory models. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26:410-426, 1987.

• C. D. Hall. The simulation of particle motion in the atmosphere by a numerical random-walk model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101:235-244, 1975.

• S. R. Hanna. Some statistics of Lagrangian and Eulerian wind fluctuations. J. Appl. Meteor., 18:518-525, 1979.

• S. R. Hanna. Applications in air pollution modeling. In F. T. M. Nieuwstadt and H. Van Dop, editors, Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modeling, pages 275-310, Dordrecht, 1982. D. Reidel Publ.

• A. Hashem and C. S. Parkin. A simplified heavy particle random-walk model for the prediction of drift from agricultural sprays. Atmos. Environ., 25A:1609-1614, 1991.

• J. L. Heffter. Air resources laboratories atmospheric transport and dispersion model (ARL-ATAD). NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-81, Air Resources Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, 1980.

• J. F. Hernandez, L. Cremades, and J. M. Baldasano. Dispersion modeling of a tall stack plume in the Spanish Mediterranean cost by a particle model. Atmos. Environ., 29:1331-1341, 1995.

• P. G. Hess, N. Srimani, and S. J. Flocke. Trajectories and related variations in the chemical composition of air for the Mauna Loa Observatory during 1991 and 1992. J. Geophys. Res., 101(D9):14543-14568, 1996.

• J. C. R. Hunt and P. Nalpanis. Saltating and suspended particles over flat and sloping surfaces. In O. E. Barndorff-Nielsen, editor, Proceeding of the International Workshop on the Physics of Blown Sand, pages 9-36, Aarhuis, Denmark, 1985.

• P. Hurley and W. Physick. Lagrangian particle modelling of buoyant point sources: plume rise and entrapment under convective conditions. Atmos. Environ., 27A:1579-1584, 1993.

• P. Hurley and W. Physick. A skewed homogenous Lagrangian particle model for convective conditions. Atmos. Environ., 27A:619-624, 1993.

• P. Hurley and Physick W. A Lagrangian particle model of fumigation by breakdown of the nocturnal inversion. Atmos. Environ., 25A:1313-1325, 1991.

• J. D. Kahl and P. J. Samson. Uncertainty in trajectory calculations due to low resolution meteorological data. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25:1816-1831, 1986.

• J. D. Kahl and P. J. Samson. Uncertainty in estimating boundary-layer transport during highly convective conditions. J. Appl. Meteor., 27:1024-1035, 1988.

• J. D. Kahl, J. M. Harris, G. A. Herbert, and M. P. Olson. Intercomparison of three long-range trajectory models applied to arctic haze. Tellus, 41B:524-536, 1989.

• J. D. Kahl, J. M. Harris, G. A. Herbert, and M. P. Olson. Intercomparison of three long-range trajectory models applied to arctic haze. Tellus, 41B:524-536, 1989.

• J. D. Kahl. A cautionary note on the use of air trajectories in interpreting atmospheric chemistry measurements. Atmos. Environ., 27A(17/18):3037-3038, 1993.

• J. D. W. Kahl. On the prediction of trajectory model error. Atmos. Environ., 30(17):2945-2957, 1996.

• H Kaplan and N. Dinar. A stochastic model for the dispersion of a non-passive scalar in turbulent field. Atmos. Environ., 26A:2413-2423, 1992.

• N. Kaplan, H. Dinar. Diffusion of an instantaneous cluster of particles in homogeneous turbulence. Atmos. Environ., 23:1459-1463, 1989.

• G. Katul, R. Oren, D. Ellsworth, C. Hsieh, and K. Phillips, N. Lewin. A Lagrangian dispersion model for predicting CO₂ sources, sinks, and fluxes in a uniform loblolly pine stand. J. Geophys. Res., 102:9309-9321, 1997.

• V. R. Kotomarthi and G. R. Carmichael. A modeling study of the long-range transport of Kosa using particle trajectory methods. Tellus, 45B:426-441, 1993.

• R. G. Lamb, H. Hogo, and L. E. Reid. A Lagrangian approach to modeling air pollutant dispersion: Development and testing in the vicinity of roadway. Technical report, EPA Research Report EPA-600/4-79-023, 1979.

• R. G. Lamb. A numerical simulation of dispersion from an elevated point source in the convective planetary boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 12:1297-1304, 1978.

• R. G. Lamb. A scheme for siumulating particle pair motions in turbulent fluid. J. Comput. Phys., 39:329-346, 1981.

• R. G. Lamb. Diffusion in the Convective Boundary Layer, ed. Nieuwstadt, F. T. M. and Van Dop, H., chapter 5, pages 159-339. D. Reildel, Dordrecht, Holland, 1982.

• M. Y. Leclerc, S. Shen, and B. Lamb. Observation and large-eddy simulation modeling of footprints in the lower convective boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res., 102:9323-9334, 1997.

• B. J. Legg and M. R. Raupach. Markov-chain simulation of particle dispersion in inhomogeneous flows: the mean drift velocity induced by a gradient in Eulerian velocity variance. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 24:3-13, 1982.

• A. J. Ley and D. J. Thomson. A random walk model of dispersion in the diabatic surface layer. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 109:847-880, 1983.

• A. J. Ley. A radom walk simulation of two-dimensional turbulent diffusion in the neutral surface layer. Atmos. Environ., 16:2799-2808, 1982.

• G. S. Lorimer and D. G. Ross. The kernel method for air quality modeling - II. Comparison with analytic solution. Atmos. Environ., 20:1773-1780, 1986.

• G. S. Lorimer. The kernel method for air quality modeling - I. Mathematical foundation. Atmos. Environ., 20:1447-1452, 1986.

• Q. Q. Lu. An approach to modeling particle modtion in turbulent flows - I Homogenous, isotropic turbulence. Atmos. Environ., 29:423-436, 1995.

• A. K. Luhar and R. E. Britter. A random walk model for dispersion in inhomogeneous turbulence in a convective boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 23:1911-1924, 1989.

• A. K. Luhar and R. E. Britter. An application of Lagrangian stochastic modeling to dispersion during shoreline fumigation. Atmos. Environ., 24A:871-881, 1990.

• A. K. Luhar and R. E. Britter. Random-walk modeling of buoyant-plume dispersion in the convective boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 26A:1283-1298, 1992.

• A. K. Luhar and J. J. Modi. Parallel processing of a random-walk model of atmospheric dispersion. Atmos. Environ., 26A:3055-3059, 1992.

• A. K. Luhar and S. K. Rao. Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model simulations of tracer data in nocturnal flows over complex terrain. Atmos. Environ., 28:3417-3431, 1994.

• A. K. Luhar and B. L. Sawford. Lagrangian stochastic modeling of the coastal fumigation phenomenon. J. Appl. Meteor., 34:2259-2277, 1995.

• A. K. Luhar, M. F. Hibberd, and P. J. Hurley. Comparison of closure schemes used to specify the velocity pdf in Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models for convective conditions. Atmos. Environ., 30:1407-1418, 1996.

• W. L. Lyons and C. J. Tremback. A prototype operational mesoscale air dispersion forecasting system using RAMS and HYPACT. In Preprints 86th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, page 16 pp. Air and Waste Management Association, Denver, CO, 1993.

• W. A. Lyons, R. A. Pielke, W. R. Cotton, M. Uliasz, C. J. Tremback, R. L. Walko, and J. L. Eastman. The applications of new technologies to modeling mesoscale dispersion in coastal zones and complex terrain. In J. E. Garcia P. Zannetti, C. A. Brebia and G. Ayala Milian, editors, Air pollution, pages 33-85. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, 1993.

• W. A. Lyons, R. A. Pielke, C. J. Tremback, R. L. Walko, D. A. Moon, and C. S. Keen. Modeling impacts of mesoscale vertical motions upon coastal zone air pollution dispersion. Atmos. Environ., 29:283-301, 1995.

• R. H. Maryon and A. T. Buckland. Diffusion in a Lagrangian multiple particle model: A sensitivity study. Atmos. Environ., 28:2019-2038, 1994.

• L. V. Matamala and C. Pilinis. Analysis of the dispersion characteristic of the Navajo Generating Station plume using a Lagrangian Monte-Carlo model. Environmental Software, 6:143-150, 1991.

• M. R. Maxey and S. Corrsin. Gravitational settling of aerosol particles in randomly oriented cellular flow fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 43:1112-1134, 1986.

• R. T. McNider. Investigation of the impact of topographic circulations on the transport and dispersion of air pollutants. PhD thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 8523, 1981.

• J. T. McQueen and R. P. Draxler. Evaluation of model back trajectories of the Kuwait oil fires smoke plume using digital satellite data. Atmos. Environ., 28:2159-2174, 1994.

• J. T. Merrill, R. Bleck, and L. Avila. Modeling atmospheric transport to the Marshall Islands. J. Geophys. Res., 90(D7):12927-12936, 1985.

• J. T. Merrill, R. Bleck, and L. Avila. Modeling atmospheric transport to the Marshall Islands. J. Geophys. Res., 90:12927-12936, 1985.

• J. T. Merrill, R. Bleck, and D. Boudra. Techniques of Lagrangian trajectory analysis in isentropic coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114:571-581, 1986.

• J. T. Merrill. Trajectory results and interpretation for pem-west a. J. Geophys. Res., 101:1679-1690, 1996.

• J. M. Miller. The use of back trajectories in interpreting atmospheric chemistry data: a review and bibliography. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-155, Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, 1987.

• M. D. Moran and R. A. Pielke. Evaluation of a mesoscale atmospheric dispersion modeling system with observations from the 1980 Great Plains Mesoscale Tracer Field Experiment. Part I: Datasets and meteorological simulations. J. Appl. Meteor., 35:281-307, 1996.

• M. D. Moran and R. A. Pielke. Evaluation of a mesoscale atmospheric dispersion modeling system with observations from the 1980 Great Plains Mesoscale Tracer Field Experiment. Part II: Dispersion simulations. J. Appl. Meteor., 35:308-329, 1996.

• M. D. Moran. Numerical modeling of mesoscale atmospheric dispersion. PhD thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, 1992.

• G. A. Morris, M. R. Schoeberl, L. C. Sparling, L. R. Newman, P. A. Lait, L. Elson, J. Waters, A. Suttie, R. A. Roche, J. Kumer, and J. M. Russell III. Trajectory maping and applications to data from the upper atmosphere Research Satellite. J. Geophys. Res., D8(D8):16491-16505, 1995.

• L. A. Moy, R. R. Dickerson, and W. F. Ryan. Relationship between back trajectories and tropospheric trace gas concentrations in rural Virginia. Atmos. Environ., 28:2789-2800, 1994.

• E. Näslund, H. C. Rodean, and J. S. Nasstrom. A comparison between two stochastic diffusion models in a complex three-dimensional flow. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 67:369-384, 1994.

• K. C. Nguyen, J. A. Noonan, I. E. Galbally, and W. L. Physick. Predictions of plume dispersion in complex terrain: Eulerian versus Lagrangian models. Atmos. Environ., 31:947-958, 1997.

• A. M. Obukhov. Description of turbulence in terms of Lagrangian variables. Adv. Geophys., 6:113-116, 1959.

• R. A. Pielke and M. Uliasz. Influence of landscape variability on atmospheric dispersion. J. Air & Waste Management, 43:989-994, 1993.

• R. A. Pielke and M. Uliasz. Use of meteorological models as input to regional and mesoscale air quality models - limitations and strengths. Atmos. Environ., 1997. (accepted).

• R. A. Pielke, R. T. McNider, M. Segal, and Y. Mahrer. The use of a numerical mesoscale model for evaluations of pollutant transport and diffusion in coastal regions and over irregular terrain. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 64:243-249, 1983.

• R. A. Pielke, G. Dalu, M. Uliasz, T. J. Lee, and R. A. Stocker. Impacts of land surface characteristics on atmospheric dispersion. In 7th Joint Conf. on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with AWMA AMS 71st Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 13-18 1991.

• R. A. Pielke, W. A. Lyons, R. T. McNider, M. D. Moran, D. A. Moon, R. A. Stocker, R. L. Walko, and M. Uliasz. Regional and mesoscale meteorological modeling as applied to air quality studies. In H. van Dop and D. G. Steyn, editors, Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application VIII, pages 259-290. Plenum Press, New York, 1991.

• R. A. Pielke, R. A. Stocker, G. Poulos, and M. Uliasz. Influence of mesoscale circulation on long range transport in the Grand Canyon area. In H. van Dop and G. Kallos, editors, Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, pages 553-564. Plenum Press, New York, 1992.

• R. A. Pielke, R. L. Walko, J. L. Eastman, W. A. Lyons, R. A. Stocker, M. Uliasz, and C. J. Tremback. Recent achievements in the meteorological modeling of local weather and air quality. Trends in Atmospheric Science, 1:287-307, 1992.

• R. L. Poirot and P. R. Wishinski. Visibility, sulfate and air mass history associated with the summertime aerosol in northern Vermont. Atmos. Environ., 20:1457-1469, 1986.

• G. S. Poulos and J. E. Bossert. An observational and prognostic numerical investigation of complex terrain dispersion. J. Appl. Meteor., 34:650-669, 1995.

• G. S. Poulos and R. A. Pielke. A numerical analysis of Los Angeles Basin pollution transport to the Grand Canyon under stably stratified southwest flow conditions. Atmos. Environ., 28:3329-3357, 1994.

• J. D. Reid. Markov chain simulation of vertical dispersion in the neutral surface layer for surface and elevated releases. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 16:3-22, 1979.

• G. D. Rolph and R. R. Draxler. Sensitivity of three-dimensional trajectories to the spatial and temporal densities of the wind field. J. Appl. Meteor., 29:1043-1054, 1990.

• E. Runca. Basic Lagrangian and Eulerian modeling of atmospheric diffusion. Atmos. Environ., 26A:513-515, 1992.

• J. Saltbones and J. Foss, A. A and Bartnicki. SNAP: Severe Nuclear Accident Program. A real time dispersion model for major emergency management. Technical Report DNMI report: Project NORMEM (175), Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box 43 - Blindern, N-0313 Oslo, Norway, 1995.

• B. L. Sawford and F. M. Guest. Lagrangian stochastic analysis of flux-gradient relationships in the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 44:1152-1165, 1987.

• B. L. Sawford and F. M. Guest. Lagrangian statistical simulation of the turbulent motion of heavy particles. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 54:147-166, 1991.

• B. L. Sawford. Lagrangian statistical simulation of concentration mean and fluctuation fields. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24:1152-1166, 1985.

• B. L. Sawford. Generalized random forcing in random-walk turbulent dispersion models. Phys. Fluids, 29:3582-3885, 1986.

• B. Schichtel and R. Husar. The CAPITA Monte Carlo Model: PC Implementation. In Aerosols and Atmospheric Optics: Radiative Balance and Visual Air Quality, pages 578-600, 26-30 September, 1994, Snowbird, UT, 1994. Air & Waste Management Association.

• P. Schreus and J. Mewis. Development of a transport phenomena model for accidental releases of heavy gases in an industrial environment. Atmos. Environ., 21:765-776, 1987.

• M. Segal, R. A. Pielke, R. W. Aritt, M. D. Moran, C. H. Yu, and D. Henderson. Application of a mesoscale atmospheric dispersion modeling system to the estimation of SO₂ concentrations from major elevated sources in southern Florida. Atmos. Environ., 22:1319-1334, 1988.

• P. Seibert. Convergence and accuracy of numerical methods for trajectory calculations. J. Appl. Meteor., 32:558-566, 1993.

• Y. Shao. Turbulent dispersion in coastal atmospheric boundary layers: An application of a Lagrangian model. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 59:363-385, 1992.

• A. Sirois and J. W. Bottenheim. Use of backward trajectories to interpret the 5-year record of PAN and o₃ ambient air concentrations at Kejimkujik National Park, Novia Scotia. J. Geophys. Res., 100:2867-2881, 1995.

• F. B. Smith. Conditioned particle motion in a homogeneous turbulent field. Atmos. Environ., 2:491-508, 1968.

• R. A. Stocker, R. A. Pielke, and M. Uliasz. Impact of local sources during stagnant conditions in Shenandoah National Park. In H. van Dop and G. Kallos, editors, Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, pages 179-186. Plenum Press, New York, 1992.

• R. A. Stocker, M. Uliasz, and R. A. Pielke. The origins of elevated background tracer measurements during the mohave field study. In 10th Symposium on Turbulence and Diffusion, pages J183-188, Portland, OR, Sept. 29 - Oct. 4, 1992, 1992. American Meteorological Society.

• A. Stohl, G. Wotawa, P. Seibert, and H. Kromp-Kolb. Interpolation errors in wind fields as a function of spatial and temporal resolutions and their impact on different types of kinematic trajectories. J. Appl. Meteor., 34:2149-2165, 1995.

• B. J. B. Stunder. An assessment of the quality of forecast trajectories. J. Appl. Meteor., 35:1319-1331, 1996.

• R. I. Sykes and L. Hatton. Computation of horizontal trajectories based on the surface geostrophic wind. Atmos. Environ., 10:925-934, 1976.

• N. Thompson and A. J. Ley. Estimating spray drift using a random-walk model of evaporating drops. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 28:419-435, 1983.

• D. J. Thomson and Montgomery M. R. Reflection boundary conditions for random walk models of dispersion in non-Gaussain turbulence. Atmos. Environ., 28:1981-1987, 1994.

• D. J. Thomson. Random walk modelling of diffusion in inhomogeneous turbulence. Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 110:1107-1120, 1984.

• D. J. Thomson. Criteria for the selection of stochastic models of particle trajectories in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech., 180:529-556, 1987.

• G. Tinarelli, D. Anfossi, G. Brusasca, E. Ferrero, U. Giostra, M. G. Morselli, J. Moussafir, F. Tampieri, and F. Trombetti. Lagrangian particle simulation of tracer dispersion in the lee of a schematic two-dimensional hill. J. Appl. Meteor., 33:744-756, 1994.

• A. F. B. Tompson and D. E. Dougherty. Particle-grid methods for reacting flows in porous media with application to Fisher's equation. Appl.Math.Modelling, 16:374-383, 1992.

• M. Uliasz and K. Olendrzynski. Modeling of atmospheric transport and deposition of heavy metals in the Katowice province. IIASA Working Paper, WP-96-123, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria, 1996.

• M. Uliasz and R.A. Pielke. Receptor-oriented Lagrangian-Eulerian model of mesoscale air pollution dispersion. In P. Zannetti, editor, Computer Techniques in Environmental Studies III, pages 57-68. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton and Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990.

• M. Uliasz and R.A. Pielke. Lagrangian-Eulerian dispersion modeling system for real-time mesoscale applications. In Third Topical Meeting on Emergency Preparedness and Response, pages 95-98, Chicago, Illinois, April 16-19, 1991, 1991.

• M. Uliasz and R. A. Pielke. Effect of land surface representation on simulated mesoscale pollution dispersion. In H. van Dop and G. Kallos, editors, Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, pages 163-170. Plenum Press, New York, 1992.

• M. Uliasz and R. A. Pielke. Source- and receptor-oriented approaches as complementary tools in dispersion modeling. In 10th Symposium on Turbulence and Diffusion, pages 218-221, Portland, OR, Sept. 29 - Oct. 4, 1992, 1992. American Meteorological Society.

• M. Uliasz and R. A. Pielke. Implementation of Lagrangian particle dispersion model for mesoscale and regional air quality studies. In J. E. Garcia P. Zannetti, C. A. Brebia and G. Ayala Milian, editors, Air pollution, pages 157-164. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, 1993.

• M. Uliasz, M. Bartochowska, A. Madany, H. Piwkowski, J. Parfiniewicz, and M. Rozkrut. Application of the mesoscale dispersion modeling system to investigation of air pollution transport in southern Poland. In S.-E. Gryning and M. Millan, editors, 20th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application, pages 15-22, Valencia, Spain, Nov. 29 - Dec. 3, 1993, 1993. NATO CCMS.

• M. Uliasz, R. A. Pielke, and R. A. Stocker. Numerical modeling of air pollution transport in southwestern United States using source- and receptor-oriented techniques. In 86th Annual Meeting and Exhibiton of Air and Waste Management Association, Denver, June 13-18, 1993.

• M. Uliasz, R. A. Stocker, and R. A. Pielke. Numerical modeling of atmospheric dispersion during the MOHAVE field study. In J. E. Garcia P. Zannetti, C. A. Brebia and G. Ayala Milian, editors, Air pollution, pages 208-216. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, 1993.

• M. Uliasz, R. A. Stocker, and R. A. Pielke. Lagrangian particle modeling of air pollution transport in southwestern United States. In 8th Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with A&WMA, pages 104-111, Nashville,TN, Jan.23-28,1994, 1994. American Meteorological Society.

• M. Uliasz, R. A. Stocker, and R. A. Pielke. Numerical modeling of air pollution transport in the southwestern United States. In Aerosols and Atmospheric Optics: Radiative Balance and Visual Air Quality, pages 1229-1239, 26-30 September, 1994, Snowbird, UT, 1994. Air & Waste Management Association.

• M. Uliasz, R. A. Stocker, and R. A. Pielke. Regional modeling of air pollution transport in the southwestern United States. In P. Zannetti, editor, Environmental Modeling III, pages 145-182. Computational Mechanics Publications, 1996.

• M. Uliasz. Modeling of local atmospheric circulation and air pollution dispersion in the vicinity of the Zarnowiec nuclear power plant. In Meteorology and Air Pollution in a Coastal Area, Risø, Denmark, available from the Library, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, October 23-25 1988.

• M. Uliasz. Numerical simulation of mean flow, turbulence and tracer dispersion in the Øresund experiment. In Meteorology and Air Pollution in a Coastal Area, Risø, Denmark, available from the Library, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, October 23-25 1988.

• M. Uliasz. The mesoscale dispersion modeling system - a simulation tool for development of an emergency response system. In 2nd Int. Workshop on Real-Time Computing of the Environmental Consequences of an Accidental Release to the Atmosphere from a Nuclear Installation, pages 203-223, Luxembourg, May 16-19 1989. Commission of the European Communities.

• M. Uliasz. Atmospheric mesoscale dispersion modeling system designed for personal computers. In P. Zannetti, editor, Computer Techniques in Environmental Studies III, pages 45-46. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton and Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990.

• M. Uliasz. Development of the mesoscale dispersion modeling system using personal computers. Part I: Models and computer implementation. Zeitschrift für Meteorologie, 40:104-114, 1990.

• M. Uliasz. Development of the mesoscale dispersion modeling system using personal computers. Part II: Numerical simulations. Zeitschrift für Meteorologie, 40:285-298, 1990.

• M. Uliasz. The atmospheric mesoscale dispersion modeling system. J. Appl. Meteor, 32:139-149, 1993.

• M. Uliasz. Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling in mesoscale applications. In P. Zannetti, editor, Environmental Modeling II, pages 71-102. Computational Mechanics Publications, 1994.

• H. Van Dop. Buoyant plume rise in a Lagrangian framework. Atmos. Environ., 26A:1335-1346, 1992.

• A. Venkatram and S. Du. An analysis of the asymptotic behavior of cross-wind integrated ground level concentrations using Lagrangian stochastic simulation. Atmos. Environ., 31:1467-1476, 1997.

• P. J. Walklate. A Markov-chain particle dispersion model beased on air flow data: extension to large water droplets. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 37:313-318, 1986.

• P. J. Walklate. A random-walk model for dispersion of heavy particles in turbulent air flow. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 39:175-190, 1987.

• L.-P. Wang and D. E. Stock. Stochastic trajectory models for turbulent diffusion: Monte-Carlo process versus Markov chains. Atmos. Environ., 26A:1599-1607, 1992.

• L.-P. Wang and D. E. Stock. Dispersion of heavy particles by turbulent motion. J. Atmos. Sci., 50:1897-1913, 1993.

• Y. Wang, D. R. Miller, Anderson D. E., and M. L. McManus. A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest. Agriculture and Forest Meteor., 76:277-291, 1995.

• J. C. Weil. Stochastic modeling of dispersion in the convective boundary layer. In H. van Dop, editor, Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application VII, pages 437-449. Plenum, 1989.

• J. C. Weil. A diagnosis of the asymmetry in top-down and bottom-up diffusion using a Lagrangian stochastic model. J. Atmos. Sci., 47:501-515, 1990.

• J. C. Weil. Dispersion limits in the convective surface layer. In Ninth Symposium on Turbulence and Diffusion, pages 344-347, Roskilde, Denmark, April 30 - May 3 1990. American Meteorol. Soc.

• J. C. Weil. A hybrid Lagrangian dispersion model for elevated sources in the convective boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 28:3433-3448, 1994.

• J. D. Wilson and T. K. Flesch. Flow boundaries in random-flight dispersion models: Enforcing the well-mixed condition. J. Appl. Meteor., 32:1695-1707, 1993.

• J. D. Wilson and Y. Zhuang. Restriction on the timestep to be used in stochastic Lagrangian models of turbulent dispersion. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 49:309-316, 1989.

• J. D. Wilson, G. W. Thurtell, and G. E. Kidd. Numerical simulation of particle trajectories in inhomogenous turbulence. Parts I, II, and III. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 21:295-314, 423-442, 443-464, 1981.

• J. D. Wilson, B. J. Legg, and D. J. Thomson. Calculation of particle trajectories in the presense of a gradient in turbulent-velocity variance. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 27:163-169, 1983.

• T. Yamada and S. Bunker. Development of a nested grid, second moment turbulence closure model and application to the 1982 ASCOT Brush Creek data simulation. J. Appl. Meteor., 27:567-578, 1988.

• T. Yamada, C.-Y. J. Kao, and S. Bunker. Air flow and air quality simulations over the western mountainous region with a four-dimensional data assimilation technique. Atmos. Environ., 23:539-554, 1989.

• T. Yamada. A numerical simulation of airflows and so₂ concentration distributions in an arid south-western valley. Atmos. Environ., 26A:1771-1781, 1992.

• C-H. Yu and R. A. Pielke. Mesoscale air quality under stagnant synoptic cold season conditions in the lake powell area. Atmos. Environ., 20:1751-1762, 1986.

• M. I. Yudine. Physical consideration on heavy-particle diffusion. Adv. Geophys., 6:185-191, 1959.

• P. Zannetti and N. Al-Madani. Simulation of transformation, buoynacy and removal processes by Lagrangian particle methods. In Ch. de Wispelaere, editor, Proc. of the 14th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application, pages 733-744. Plenum Press, New York, 1984.

• P. Zannetti. New Monte-Carlo scheme for simulating Lagrangian particle diffusion with wind shear effects. Appl. Math. Modeling, 8:188-192, 1984.

• P. Zannetti. Monte-Carlo simulation of auto- and cross-correlated turbulent velocity fluctuations (MC-LAGPAR II model). Environmental Software, 1:26-30, 1986.

• P. Zannetti. Air Pollution Modeling: theories, computational methods, and available software. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton and Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990.

• P. Zannetti. Particle modeling and its application for simulating air pollution phenomena. In P. Melli and P. Zannetti, editors, Environmental Modelling, pages 211-241. Computational Mechanics Publications and Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.